Deficiency of carbohydrates:
Ketoacidosis.
Deficiency of proteins:
Kwashiorkor
Symptoms: Child exhibits stunted growth, anaemia, swollen legs, discolouration of hair etc.
Marasmus
Symptoms: Lean muscles, weak bones, rough skin, weak legs, mental retardation etc.
Deficiency of vitamin A:
Night-blindness.
Deficiency of vitamin D:
Rickets, osteomalacia (softening of bone).
Deficiency of vitamin E:
Haemolytic anaemia in new-born babies. Infertility in males and females. Abortion in females.
Deficiency of vitamin K:
Increases risk of bleeding.
Deficiency of vitamin C:
Scurvy.
Deficiency of vitamin B1:
Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
Deficiency of vitamin B2:
Ariboflanisosis (mouth lesions, seborrhoea, and vascularization of the cornea).
Deficiency of vitamin B3:
Pellagra.
Deficiency of vitamin B5:
Paraesthesia (tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin with no apparent long-term physical effect).
Deficiency of vitamin B6:
Anaemia, peripheral neuropathy.
Deficiency of vitamin B7:
Dermatitis, enteritis.
Overdose disease - none reported.
Deficiency of vitamin B9:
Birth defects during pregnancy, such as neural tube.
Deficiency of vitamin B12:
Megaloblastic anaemia (red blood cells without nucleus).
Deficiency of Minerals:
Iron deficiency: Anaemia.
Symptoms: Headache, dark patches under the eyes, weakness and feeling tired.
Iodine deficiency: Goitre. Symptoms: Thyroid gland does not function properly. In adults, goitre results in swelling of glands near the throat.
Calcium deficiency: Weak and brittle bones, tooth decay. Treatment: Diet should include milk, eggs, dairy products, leafy vegetables.
Phosphorous deficiency: Weak and brittle bones, improper functioning of the heart and muscles, impaired formation of genetic material in our body.